After a frontal craniotomy, elevating the head of the bed to about 30 degrees has what effect?

• A. Promotes venous drainage and reduces intracranial pressure
• B. Increases arterial pressure
• C. Causes hypertension
• D. Induces coma

Answer: (A)

Elevating the head reduces intracranial pressure by promoting venous outflow from the brain. When the head is up about 30 degrees, gravity helps blood drain through the cerebral veins into the jugular system, decreasing venous volume in the skull. Less venous blood in the cranium means lower intracranial pressure, which is especially important after a craniotomy to prevent swelling and maintain adequate cerebral perfusion pressure as long as blood pressure is preserved. This maneuver does not raise arterial pressure, cause hypertension, or induce coma. Keep the head midline and the elevation around 30 degrees to balance improved drainage with stable perfusion.